Respectful scientific exchange

Scientific discussion benefits from disagreement that is careful, relevant and respectful. These expectations apply when contributing material or taking part in an exchange with ENS.

Discuss ideas with care

Address the argument and evidence. Represent another person's work accurately, distinguish findings from interpretation and give credit to the source. Explain a disagreement in terms that others can examine.

Respect differences in experience and perspective. Harassment, threats, discriminatory abuse and personal intimidation are unacceptable. A scientific disagreement is not a reason to target a person or disclose their private information.

Respect confidentiality and permissions

Do not share private correspondence, unpublished material or identifiable personal information without an appropriate basis and permission where required. Check rights before circulating images, recordings or substantial extracts from another person's work.

Identify interests that could affect how your contribution is understood, including relevant funding and professional relationships.

Raise a concern

If an exchange gives rise to a concern, describe the incident and include the information needed to understand it. The complaints page explains how to submit the matter and follow up with a reference.